CC-BY-NC-NDStanković, SonjaNedelkovski, VladanRadovanović, MilanĐorđievski, StefanMedić, DraganaMilić, Snežana2025-12-062025-12-062025978-86-6305-158-410.5937/IMPRC25537Shttps://repozitorijum.tfbor.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6035Zinc-carbon (Zn-C) batteries are the primary cells [1] used in numerous portable electronic devices worldwide due to their low cost, good durability and simple production technology [2,3]. The Zn-C battery contains graphite as the cathode, a mixture of manganese dioxide and carbon moistured with NH4Cl/KCl as the electrolyte and a zinc container as the anode [4]. Since spent Zn-C batteries cannot be recharged and their proper storage is very expensive, spent Zn-C batteries are usually disposed of directly in landfills [5]. The improper disposal of Zn-C batteries in the environment not only leads to waste of Zn, Mn and C resources [6], but also to environmental pollution [3,7]. Recently, numerous research teams have focused their attention on recycling Zn-C batteries as an optimal solution to reduce the amount of waste, protect natural resources, the environment and human health [1,3-5,8].enRecyclingZn-C batteriesZinc oxideGraphene oxideconferenceObject