ARRCvetković, AleksandarTasić, ZaklinaPetrović Mihajlović, MarijaRadovanović, Milan B.Simonović, AnaAntonijević, MilanMilić, Snežana2025-12-122025-12-122025978-86-7498-146-7https://conference.politehnika.edu.rs/proceedings/https://repozitorijum.tfbor.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6050This paper represents a short review of electrochemical sensors based on carbon materials, with a focus on carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) as signal detectors, and the pivot placed on the preparation steps, where CPEs stand out because of their easy preparation, regenerability, and high flexibility for modification. Incorporation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles into CPE matrices enhances sensor performance by enlarging the active surface area, reducing charge-transfer resistance, and improving electron transfer kinetics. ZnO/CPE electrodes have demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of pharmaceuticals, food additives, dyes, and biologically active compounds. Their preparation is straightforward, typically involving co-precipitation synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles followed by mixing with graphite powder and binder. Combined electrochemical and morphological characterization provides insights into the structural and functional improvements achieved by ZnO modification, confirming their potential for advanced electrochemical sensing applications.enCPEMCPEZnO nanoparticleselectrochemical sensorsconferenceObject