Utilisation of Zinc Processing Tailings (ZPTs) in Fired Clay Bricks Manufacturing: Case Study

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dc.citation.issue3
dc.citation.rankM22
dc.citation.spage325
dc.citation.volume15
dc.contributor.authorMessai, Ali
dc.contributor.authorMenendez-Aguado, Juan Maria
dc.contributor.authorBerrekbia, Linda
dc.contributor.authorMeramria, Ikram
dc.contributor.authorFernandez-Perez, Begona
dc.contributor.authorNikolić, Vladimir
dc.contributor.authorTrumić, Milan
dc.contributor.authorBoustila, Amir
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-19T08:18:27Z
dc.date.available2025-09-19T08:18:27Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractZinc processing tailings (ZPTs) of the Kharzet Youcef processing complex, Setif, Algeria, are mainly stockpiled in tailing dumps without use, occupying significant surfaces and negatively influencing the human environment and health. Incorporating ZPTs into building materials manufacturing is an effective solution to meet the dual objectives of environmental protection and economic development. This study investigates the influence of firing temperature and integrating ZPTs as a partial replacement for clay on the physic-mechanical properties of fired clay bricks (FCBs). Microstructural, chemical, and mineralogical analyses of ZPTs and clay were carried out by SEM-EDS, XRF, and XRD, respectively. Seven mixtures were produced with various percentages of ZPTs added to clay (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) and were fired at two different temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) at a ramp rate of 5 °C. Physic-mechanical tests were carried out on different brick specimens, and the results obtained showed that the FCBs incorporated with 10% of ZPTs produced the highest flexural strength of 6.24 MPa, compressive resistance of 29.78 MPa, bulk density of 1.37 g/cm3, and water absorption of 15.1% at 900 °C. Therefore, the recycling of ZPTs for FCBs manufacturing is feasible and an effective alternative waste disposal solution for sustainable development while reducing negative environmental impacts.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/min15030325
dc.identifier.issn2075-163X
dc.identifier.urihttps://repozitorijum.tfbor.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6000
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI, Switzerland
dc.rights.licenseCC-BY
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceMinerals
dc.subjectzinc processing tailings (ZPTs)
dc.subjectfired clay bricks (FCBs)
dc.subjectconstruction
dc.subjectKharzet Youcef
dc.subjectphysic-mechanical tests
dc.titleUtilisation of Zinc Processing Tailings (ZPTs) in Fired Clay Bricks Manufacturing: Case Study
dc.typearticle
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion

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