Application of Graphite Electrodes Prepared from Waste Zinc−Carbon Batteries for Electrochemical Detection of Xanthine
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Date
2025
Authors
Radovanović, Milan B.
Simonović, Ana T.
Petrović Mihajlović, Marija B.
Tasić, Žaklina Z.
Antonijević, Milan M.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI
Source
Chemosensors
Volume
13
Issue
8
Abstract
Waste from zinc−carbon batteries poses a serious environmental protection problem. One of the main problems is also the reliable and rapid determination of some compounds that may be present in food and beverages consumed worldwide. This study addresses these problems and presents a possible solution for the electrochemical detection of xanthine using carbon from spent batteries. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry are electrochemical methods used for the detection of xanthine. The techniques used demonstrate the mechanism of xanthine oxidation in the tested environment. A linear correlation was found between the oxidation current peaks and the xanthine concentration in the range of 5·10−7 to 1·10−4 M, as well as the values for the limit of detection and the limit of quantification, 7.86·10−8 M and 2.62·10−7 M, respectively. The interference test shows that the electrode obtained from waste Zn-C batteries has good selectivity, which means that the electrode can be used for xanthine determination in the presence of various ions. The data obtained show that carbon sensors from used zinc−carbon batteries can be used to detect xanthine in real samples.
Description
Keywords
recycled carbon material, electroanalysis, chemosensors, food analysis, xanthine, real samples, green tea, beer
Citation
DOI
10.3390/chemosensors13080282
Scopus
ISSN
2227-9040
ISBN
License
CC-BY