Sustainable Processes of Biosorption of Pb(II) Ions from Synthetic Wastewater Using Waste Biomass from Mullein Leaves
Loading...
Date
2024
Authors
Tasić, Žaklina
Nujkić, Maja
Savić Gajić, Ivana
Medić, Dragana
Milić, Snežana
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Source
Sustainability
Volume
16
Issue
14
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate mullein (Verbascum thapsus) as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent for the biosorption of Pb(II) ions from synthetic wastewater samples. Biosorption of mullein was investigated as a function of initial Pb(II) concentration (25–400 mg L−1), biosorbent dosage (2–20 g L−1), solution pH (3–7), and contact time (10–120 min). Mullein as a material with a high affinity for Pb(II) ions had a biosorption efficiency of 98.56% under the optimal conditions: pH 6, initial concentration of Pb(II) at 100 mg L−1, contact time of 90 min, and biosorbent dosage of 20 g L−1. The FTIR spectra of mullein leaves showed that oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface are potentially active sites for the biosorption of Pb(II) ions. EDS analysis and the pHPZC value confirmed the adsorption of Pb(II) ions at the active sites of the mullein. Kinetic and isotherm data enabled insights into the modes of Pb(II) biosorption on the mullein surface which were best explained with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Biosorption occurs on the mullein surface via multilayer adsorption. The reusability of
mullein showed that the native biosorbents can be reused five times, showing the economic and sustainable benefit of this low-cost biosorbent material.
Description
Keywords
mullein leaf, lead ions, cost effective and sustainable biosorbent, chemisorption, kinetics
Citation
DOI
10.3390/su16145982
Scopus
ISSN
2071-1050
ISBN
License
CC-BY